Akne u pubertetu često dovode do sukoba i delikatne samoizgradnje. Evo nekoliko saznanja i savjeta psihologa za roditelje adolescenata.
Akne su stanje kože koje se javlja kada se vaše pore začepe sebumom i mrtvim stanicama kože. To se događa iz međusobno povezanih razloga, uključujući prekomjernu proizvodnju sebuma. U ovom članku zaronit ćemo dublje kako bismo pogledali što uzrokuje akne i istražiti neke od dostupnih tretmana za akne.
Akne su česta kožna patologija koja zahvaća pilosebacealne folikule (pore) na licu, prsnom košu i leđima, što dovodi do pojave lezija. To je razlog zbog kojeg dolazi do čak 20% dermatoloških konzultacija i s kojim se susreće velika većina adolescenata, ali i puno odraslih. U Francuskoj svaka četvrta osoba u dobi od 20 do 40 godina navodi da ima akne*.
*IZVOR : Arcane Research Study Francuska – Veljača 2017
Stručnjaci to nazivaju hiperseboreja (previše sebuma) i diseboreja (loša kvaliteta sebuma). Za razliku od zdravog sebuma, sebumu koji uzrokuje akne nedostaje vitamin E i lako oksidira.
Koža se manje ljušti i zadebljava, što začepljuje pore koje obično propuštaju sebum.
U tom trenutku nastaje otvoreni komedon, poznatiji kao miteser. Crne je boje zato što sebum oksidira na zraku.
Taj nakupljeni sebum idealno je mjesto za razvoj bakterije Cutibacterium acnes odgovorne za akne. Postignut je stadij upale i formira se zatvoreni komedon – bolna crvena akna.
Otvoreni komedoni rezultat su nakupljenog sebuma, mrtvih stanica, melanina i keratina. Oni šire pore, dopuštajući sebumu da oksidira i pocrni.
Zatvoreni komedoni nastaju kao rezultat nakupljenog sebuma koje je kolonizirao Cutibacterium acnes. Pora ostaje zatvorena, zadržavajući upalu unutar kože.
A papule is an inflamed lesion. These pimples are often red and can be both sensitive and painful to the touch.
These inflamed lesions with a white cap differ from papules because they are typically filled with pus.
This is a severe type of acne lesion. Nodules develop under the skin and are not typically filled with pus. As a result, they can feel hard to the touch.
This is another kind of severe acne lesion that has become deeply inflamed and filled with pus. Cysts feel softer to the touch than nodules, but they are generally very painful.
The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology has defined specific acne grades according to symptoms and severity. This is known as the Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) scale.
The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology has defined specific acne grades according to symptoms and severity. This is known as the Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) scale.
Less than half the face has open or closed comedones and occasional papulo-pustules.
More than half the face has numerous papulo-pustules and comedones, as well as occasional cysts and nodules.
The entire face is covered in numerous papulo-pustules, comedones and some cysts and nodules.
The entire face is covered in multiple cysts and nodules.
Acne placement refers to where the lesions most commonly occur. Pimples mainly appear on the face.
With more oil glands, the T-shaped area across the forehead and down the nose is a prime location for blackheads and whiteheads. Pimples along the hairline may be due to the choice of haircare products.
Breakouts on the cheeks may occur as a result of acne mechanica, which develops due to friction or rubbing of the skin.
The jawline and chin are thought to sensitive to hormones. Compared to T-zone pimples, the acne lesions are likely to be deeper, bigger, and more inflamed.
Different factors can trigger or aggravate acne, including age, hormonal changes, skin type and genetics.
If self-care remedies and over-the-counter products do not clear your acne, it is a good idea to see your primary care doctor. They can prescribe stronger medications and adapt the treatment to your specific needs. If acne persists, is severe or makes you feel very self-conscious, they may recommend seeing a dermatologist or paediatric dermatologist.
Given that acne has different causes and degrees of severity, the choice of treatment varies. Here are the different types of treatment recommended by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.
The Academy recommends local treatments, generally retinoids or benzoyl peroxide.
Doctors often prescribe a combination of retinoids and benzoyl peroxide for local application. If after three months the acne persists, a local antibiotic treatment can be added, before moving on to an oral antibiotic treatment from the cycline family.
If these therapeutic strategies don’t work, oral isotretinoin can be considered, especially if there is a high risk of scarring.
Oral isotretinoin is prescribed, especially if there is inflammation. It is recommended to eliminate comedonal lesions with microsurgery before starting the treatment.
Resulting from complex genetic and physiological causes, acne cannot always be prevented. However, there are simple ways to reduce the likelihood of suffering from pimples and outbreaks or reduce the appearance of acne lesions.
1. Wash your face when you sweat, especially after working out, so dirt, sweat and oil do not cling to your skin
2. Avoid anything that could irritate your skin, from abrasive cleansers to sponges and excessive scrubbing
3. Use alcohol-free products ideally formulated for oily skin, like the Sébium range
4. Resist the temptation to squeeze spots or touch your face too often to prevent further inflammation and a longer healing time
